Background
Info
Original paper on Russian Troll Tweets:
Why We’re Sharing 3 Million Russian Troll Tweets Oliver Roeder. PloS ONE
Additional links or sources…
Troll Factories: The Internet Research Agency and State-Sponsored Agenda Building Darren L. Linvill. (http://pwarren.people.clemson.edu/Linvill_Warren_TrollFactory.pdf) *
Packages
The Russian Troll Tweets data set comes from the ‘fivethirtyeight’ github repo. You can install it by using the code below:
install.packages("fivethirtyeight")
# or
# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("fivethirtyeight")Code for obtaining data…
Information about the dataset…
Import
Import
The complete data set contains three million tweets. For the sake of storage we pulled 1,000 tweets from three different sub sets of data to work with.
glimpse(tweet_6_raw)Rows: 1,000
Columns: 21
$ external_author_id <dbl> 2535818742, 2535818742, 2535818742, 2535818742, 253…
$ author <chr> "HAPPKENDRAHAPPY", "HAPPKENDRAHAPPY", "HAPPKENDRAHA…
$ content <chr> "Bosh situation hasn't changed since Feb. Heat doct…
$ region <chr> "United States", "United States", "United States", …
$ language <chr> "English", "English", "English", "English", "Englis…
$ publish_date <chr> "9/23/2016 17:08", "9/23/2016 17:08", "9/23/2016 17…
$ harvested_date <chr> "9/23/2016 17:08", "9/23/2016 17:08", "9/23/2016 17…
$ following <dbl> 1311, 1311, 1311, 1311, 1311, 1311, 1311, 1311, 131…
$ followers <dbl> 1688, 1688, 1688, 1688, 1688, 1688, 1688, 1688, 168…
$ updates <dbl> 2285, 2284, 2286, 2290, 2289, 2288, 2291, 2293, 229…
$ post_type <chr> "RETWEET", "RETWEET", "RETWEET", "RETWEET", "RETWEE…
$ account_type <chr> "Right", "Right", "Right", "Right", "Right", "Right…
$ retweet <dbl> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, …
$ account_category <chr> "RightTroll", "RightTroll", "RightTroll", "RightTro…
$ new_june_2018 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, …
$ alt_external_id <dbl> 2535818742, 2535818742, 2535818742, 2535818742, 253…
$ tweet_id <dbl> 779366817752084480, 779366807446642688, 77936682858…
$ article_url <chr> "http://twitter.com/happkendrahappy/statuses/779366…
$ tco1_step1 <chr> NA, "https://twitter.com/erecordscity/status/779354…
$ tco2_step1 <chr> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…
$ tco3_step1 <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…glimpse(tweet_1_raw)Rows: 1,000
Columns: 21
$ external_author_id <dbl> 906000000000000000, 906000000000000000, 90600000000…
$ author <chr> "10_GOP", "10_GOP", "10_GOP", "10_GOP", "10_GOP", "…
$ content <chr> "\"We have a sitting Democrat US Senator on trial f…
$ region <chr> "Unknown", "Unknown", "Unknown", "Unknown", "Unknow…
$ language <chr> "English", "English", "English", "English", "Englis…
$ publish_date <chr> "10/1/2017 19:58", "10/1/2017 22:43", "10/1/2017 22…
$ harvested_date <chr> "10/1/2017 19:59", "10/1/2017 22:43", "10/1/2017 22…
$ following <dbl> 1052, 1054, 1054, 1062, 1050, 1050, 1050, 1050, 105…
$ followers <dbl> 9636, 9637, 9637, 9642, 9645, 9644, 9644, 9644, 964…
$ updates <dbl> 253, 254, 255, 256, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 2…
$ post_type <chr> NA, NA, "RETWEET", NA, "RETWEET", NA, "RETWEET", NA…
$ account_type <chr> "Right", "Right", "Right", "Right", "Right", "Right…
$ retweet <dbl> 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, …
$ account_category <chr> "RightTroll", "RightTroll", "RightTroll", "RightTro…
$ new_june_2018 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, …
$ alt_external_id <dbl> 905874659358453760, 905874659358453760, 90587465935…
$ tweet_id <dbl> 914580356430536704, 914621840496189440, 91462349037…
$ article_url <chr> "http://twitter.com/905874659358453760/statuses/914…
$ tco1_step1 <chr> "https://twitter.com/10_gop/status/9145803564305367…
$ tco2_step1 <chr> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…
$ tco3_step1 <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…glimpse(tweet_9_raw)Rows: 1,000
Columns: 21
$ external_author_id <dbl> 3771665775, 3771665775, 3771665775, 3771665775, 377…
$ author <chr> "NOVOSTIKRSNDR", "NOVOSTIKRSNDR", "NOVOSTIKRSNDR", …
$ content <chr> "Рейтинговое агентство Moody's улучшило прогноз по …
$ region <chr> "Unknown", "Unknown", "Unknown", "Unknown", "Unknow…
$ language <chr> "Ukrainian", "Russian", "Serbian", "Russian", "Uzbe…
$ publish_date <chr> "2/26/2017 15:12", "2/26/2017 16:50", "2/26/2017 18…
$ harvested_date <chr> "2/26/2017 15:12", "3/4/2017 2:29", "2/26/2017 18:3…
$ following <dbl> 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 284, 2…
$ followers <dbl> 3861, 3865, 3861, 3861, 3862, 3862, 3862, 3862, 386…
$ updates <dbl> 5586, 6058, 5589, 5566, 5651, 5658, 5656, 5657, 565…
$ post_type <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…
$ account_type <chr> "Russian", "Russian", "Russian", "Russian", "Russia…
$ retweet <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, …
$ account_category <chr> "NonEnglish", "NonEnglish", "NonEnglish", "NonEngli…
$ new_june_2018 <dbl> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, …
$ alt_external_id <dbl> 3771665775, 3771665775, 3771665775, 3771665775, 377…
$ tweet_id <dbl> 835870062510645248, 835894718659690496, 83591987323…
$ article_url <chr> "http://twitter.com/3771665775/statuses/83587006251…
$ tco1_step1 <chr> "https://twitter.com/NovostiKrsndr/status/835870062…
$ tco2_step1 <chr> "http://dlvr.it/NThR1P", "http://dlvr.it/NTk4wc", "…
$ tco3_step1 <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,…Skim
# A tibble: 21 × 19
skim_type skim_vari…¹ n_mis…² compl…³ chara…⁴ chara…⁵ chara…⁶ chara…⁷ chara…⁸
<chr> <chr> <int> <dbl> <int> <int> <int> <int> <int>
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2 character content 0 1 13 172 0 979 0
3 character region 1 0.999 5 13 0 3 0
4 character language 0 1 7 18 0 10 0
5 character publish_da… 0 1 13 16 0 970 0
6 character harvested_… 0 1 13 16 0 974 0
7 character post_type 344 0.656 7 11 0 2 0
8 character account_ty… 0 1 4 7 0 4 0
9 character account_ca… 0 1 10 10 0 3 0
10 character article_url 0 1 56 65 0 1000 0
# … with 11 more rows, 10 more variables: logical.mean <dbl>,
# logical.count <chr>, numeric.mean <dbl>, numeric.sd <dbl>,
# numeric.p0 <dbl>, numeric.p25 <dbl>, numeric.p50 <dbl>, numeric.p75 <dbl>,
# numeric.p100 <dbl>, numeric.hist <chr>, and abbreviated variable names
# ¹skim_variable, ²n_missing, ³complete_rate, ⁴character.min, ⁵character.max,
# ⁶character.empty, ⁷character.n_unique, ⁸character.whitespace# A tibble: 21 × 19
skim_type skim_vari…¹ n_mis…² compl…³ chara…⁴ chara…⁵ chara…⁶ chara…⁷ chara…⁸
<chr> <chr> <int> <dbl> <int> <int> <int> <int> <int>
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3 character region 0 1 7 13 0 2 0
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7 character post_type 691 0.309 7 11 0 2 0
8 character account_ty… 0 1 1 9 0 5 0
9 character account_ca… 0 1 7 12 0 5 0
10 character article_url 0 1 56 65 0 1000 0
# … with 11 more rows, 10 more variables: logical.mean <dbl>,
# logical.count <chr>, numeric.mean <dbl>, numeric.sd <dbl>,
# numeric.p0 <dbl>, numeric.p25 <dbl>, numeric.p50 <dbl>, numeric.p75 <dbl>,
# numeric.p100 <dbl>, numeric.hist <chr>, and abbreviated variable names
# ¹skim_variable, ²n_missing, ³complete_rate, ⁴character.min, ⁵character.max,
# ⁶character.empty, ⁷character.n_unique, ⁸character.whitespace# A tibble: 21 × 19
skim_type skim_vari…¹ n_mis…² compl…³ chara…⁴ chara…⁵ chara…⁶ chara…⁷ chara…⁸
<chr> <chr> <int> <dbl> <int> <int> <int> <int> <int>
1 character author 0 1 13 14 0 2 0
2 character content 0 1 23 164 0 999 0
3 character region 6 0.994 7 18 0 2 0
4 character language 0 1 5 10 0 6 0
5 character publish_da… 0 1 13 16 0 943 0
6 character harvested_… 0 1 13 16 0 951 0
7 character account_ty… 0 1 7 7 0 1 0
8 character account_ca… 0 1 10 10 0 1 0
9 character article_url 0 1 57 61 0 1000 0
10 character tco1_step1 0 1 21 68 0 999 0
# … with 11 more rows, 10 more variables: logical.mean <dbl>,
# logical.count <chr>, numeric.mean <dbl>, numeric.sd <dbl>,
# numeric.p0 <dbl>, numeric.p25 <dbl>, numeric.p50 <dbl>, numeric.p75 <dbl>,
# numeric.p100 <dbl>, numeric.hist <chr>, and abbreviated variable names
# ¹skim_variable, ²n_missing, ³complete_rate, ⁴character.min, ⁵character.max,
# ⁶character.empty, ⁷character.n_unique, ⁸character.whitespaceVisualize
Numeric
Code for creating graphs…
Types
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..- attr(*, "unit")= int 8
$ strip.background :List of 5
..$ fill : chr "grey85"
..$ colour : chr "grey20"
..$ size : NULL
..$ linetype : NULL
..$ inherit.blank: logi TRUE
..- attr(*, "class")= chr [1:2] "element_rect" "element"
$ strip.background.x : NULL
$ strip.background.y : NULL
$ strip.placement : chr "inside"
$ strip.text :List of 11
..$ family : NULL
..$ face : NULL
..$ colour : chr "grey10"
..$ size : 'rel' num 0.8
..$ hjust : NULL
..$ vjust : NULL
..$ angle : NULL
..$ lineheight : NULL
..$ margin : 'margin' num [1:4] 3.2points 3.2points 3.2points 3.2points
.. ..- attr(*, "unit")= int 8
..$ debug : NULL
..$ inherit.blank: logi TRUE
..- attr(*, "class")= chr [1:2] "element_text" "element"
$ strip.text.x : NULL
$ strip.text.y :List of 11
..$ family : NULL
..$ face : NULL
..$ colour : NULL
..$ size : NULL
..$ hjust : NULL
..$ vjust : NULL
..$ angle : num -90
..$ lineheight : NULL
..$ margin : NULL
..$ debug : NULL
..$ inherit.blank: logi TRUE
..- attr(*, "class")= chr [1:2] "element_text" "element"
$ strip.switch.pad.grid : 'simpleUnit' num 2points
..- attr(*, "unit")= int 8
$ strip.switch.pad.wrap : 'simpleUnit' num 2points
..- attr(*, "unit")= int 8
$ strip.text.y.left :List of 11
..$ family : NULL
..$ face : NULL
..$ colour : NULL
..$ size : NULL
..$ hjust : NULL
..$ vjust : NULL
..$ angle : num 90
..$ lineheight : NULL
..$ margin : NULL
..$ debug : NULL
..$ inherit.blank: logi TRUE
..- attr(*, "class")= chr [1:2] "element_text" "element"
- attr(*, "class")= chr [1:2] "theme" "gg"
- attr(*, "complete")= logi TRUE
- attr(*, "validate")= logi TRUE